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The River Suir, at Waterford, is as wide as the Thames at Westminster
Bridge, the Vistula at Warsaw or the Neva at St. Petersburg; it is three
times the width of the Tiber at Rome, the Seine at Paris; and five times
the width of the width of the Liffey at O'Connell Bridge in Dublin
Ryland, in his
"The History, Topography and Antiquities of the County and City of
Waterford" (1824) writes "It
is surprising that so so considerable and so ancient a city as Waterford
should not have had a bridge over the River Suir until 1794: for
although it has been conjectured, from the discovery, a few years since,
of some fragments of piles and framed timber, that the Danes had a
bridge over the river at this place, we are without any record of the
fact. [It is likely that the timber fragments were the remains of
temporary bridges which were, history relates, of military necessity on
at least two occasions earlier.] In former times it was considered a
vast attempt to erect a bridge over a river of such depth and breadth as
the river of Waterford; we may, therefore, conclude, from these and
other circumstances that no attempt was made before that which has so
fortunately succeeded."
It was not surprising, then, that correcting this deficiency came to be
described as "a matter of urgent local necessity and of more than
provincial importance."
Although there was no bridge across the Suir until 1793 there was, of
course, a ferry service and this had begun in ancient times. The
building of the bridge was undertaken in 1793 by a company (incorporated
by act of parliament) which subscribed £30,000 to complete the work,
including the purchase of the ferry-rights. The money was raised by
loans of £100 each, the interest of which was to be paid by the tolls
of the bridge. The bridge was constructed of American oak by Lemuel Cox,
a native of Boston and was of a tressel type; the bottom
of the river was levelled and the tressels were placed securely on the
riverbed. The bridge was 832 feet long with a carriageway of 26 feet and
two footpaths, both 7 feet wide. The oak legs were approximately 13
inches square with deck planks 2½ inches thick. Initially there was no
opening span but a single leaf drawbridge, 28 feet wide, was added in
1795. Some 60 years later the opening section was increased to 40 feet. The bridge was affectionately nick-named
Timbertoes by the citizens. Cox advised the proprietors of the bridge to case the
piers with stone but his advice was not followed. Two tablets, affixed
to the centre piers, give an account of the manner in which the
foundation was laid, the date of the erection and the materials of which
it was composed. The inscriptions were as follows:—
IN
1793, |
A YEAR
RENDERED SACRED |
TO
NATIONAL PROSPERITY |
BY
THE EXTINCTION OF RELIGIOUS DIVISIONS, |
THE
FOUNDATION OF THIS BRIDGE WAS LAID, |
AT
THE EXPENSE OF ASSOCIATED INDIVIDUALS |
UNITED
BY PARLIAMENTARY GRANTS, |
BY
SIR JOHN NEWPORT, BART. |
CHAIRMAN
OF THEIR COMMITTEE. |
MR.
LEMUEL COX, |
A
NATIVE OF BOSTON, IN AMERICA, |
ARCHITECT. |
|
|
ON
THE THIRTIETH DAY OF APRIL, 1793, |
THIS
BRIDGE WAS BEGUN. |
ON
THE EIGHTEENTH OF JANUARY, 1794, |
IT
WAS OPENED FOR THE PASSAGE OF CARRIAGES. |
IT
IS 832 FEET IN LENGTH, 40 IN BREADTH, |
CONSISTING
OF STONE ABUTMENTS |
AND
FORTY SETS OF PIERS OF OAK. |
THE
DEPTH OF WATER AT LOWEST EBB TIDES 37 FEET. |
THIS
WORK WAS COMPLETED, AND THE FERRY |
PURCHASED,
BY A SUBSCRIPTION OF THIRTY THOUSAND |
POUNDS,
UNDER THE DIRECTION OF THE FOLLOWING COMMITTEE |
SIR JOHN NEWPORT, BART. |
|
SAMUEL BOYSE,
ESQ. |
SIR SIMON NEWPORT. |
THOMAS QUAN, ESQ. |
REV. WILLIAM DENIS |
WM. PENROSE FRANCIS,
ESQ. |
THOMAS ALCOCK, ESQ. |
ROBERT HUNT,
ESQ. |
MAUNSELL BOWERS, ESQ. |
JOHN CONGREVE, ESQ. |
HUMPHREY JONES, ESQ. |
JAMES RAMSEY, ESQ |
THOMAS H. STRANGMAN,
ESQ. |
Having being built, and
maintained, by private subscription, the timber bridge was, of
necessity, a toll bridge. Almost from the outset the payment of tolls
gave rise to strong aversion and the Corporation maintained a public
wharf on the north bank of the river to enable loading and unloading of
ships be carried on there without the merchants being compelled to incur
pontage charges on the transport of goods to or from the city side of
the river. However, despite decades of vocal complaint, livened by
sporadic outbursts of activity towards the attainment of a free bridge,
it remained a toll bridge until 1907. In that year the Corporation purchased
the toll bridge (including bridge and ferry rights) for £63,000 and
declared it free of toll at midnight on the last day of that year.
Long before the
purchase, however, the need for a new bridge was, engaging the
public attention. This attention was now spurred to activity. The
relative merit of steel and reinforced concrete as the material for the
new structure was debated at length, until the Privy Council ordered
that the bridge be constructed of ferroconcrete on the Hennebique
system. The firm employed to do the work was Mssrs. Kinnear, Moodie and
Co. of Glasgow and the contributing local authorities were:
Waterford City |
25% |
Kilkenny County |
22% |
Counties Waterford,
Wexford and Tipperary (S.R.) each |
15% |
Counties Carlow and
Laois |
3% |
Co. Tipperary (N.R.) |
2% |
As the
site of the new bridge corresponded exactly with that of the old, the
erection of a temporary bridge of timber-pile construction, immediately
beside the old one on the upstream side, was necessary. The temporary
bridge was commenced in November 1910 and was completed in March 1911.
Less than two years later the new bridge was opened by John Redmond, M.P., on
February 10, 1913 and was named the John
Redmond Bridge. The length of the new bridge (less than
that of the old due to extensions) was 700 feet and it measured 48 feet
between the parapets. It had an 80 feet opening span operated on the
Cantilever Schertzer system. The all-in cost was £71,000.
Surprisingly,
Redmond Bridge did not last as long as old Timbertoes and, in 1981, the
Corporation declared that a replacement bridge was urgently needed as
Redmond Bridge had deteriorated badly and had become dangerous. The
contract provided for the construction of a four lane highway bridge in
two stages; first, two traffic lanes immediately adjacent to and
upstream of the Redmond Bridge prior to its demolition, followed by the
remaining two lanes on the site of the demolished bridge. Work on the
replacement bridge commenced in August 1982 and the first phase was
opened to traffic on 22nd October 1984. The second phase was completed
in Spring 1986.
The main contractor was Irishenco Ltd., of Dublin whose tender of £7.9
million was accepted in 1982. The Consulting Engineers were Rendel, Palmer
& Tritton of London.
The basic construction is as follows:
(a) Foundations: Tubular steel piles, 711mm diameter, driven to rock.
(b) Superstructure: Precast, prestressed, concrete beams, spanning 24
metres between pilecaps. These beams were manufactured in Banagher, Co.
Offaly by Banagher Concrete Ltd. reinforced concrete deck, cast in-situ
over beams and surfaced with 50mm of rolled asphalt.
(c) Opening Span: This is 40 metres long, giving a clear waterway of 25
metres. The combined weight of the opening span plus counterweight is 310
tons. The sub-contractor for this work was Hollandia-Kloos of Rotterdam.
The entire opening span was manufactured in Rotterdam and transported to
Waterford by barge and was lifted into position by a 400 ton capacity
floating crane.
The overall length of the new bridge is 204 metres and the total width is
19.26 metres.
The bridge was opened, officially, on 22md October, 1984 by Mr. Liam
Kavanagh T. D. in the presence of the mayor of Waterford councillor William Kenneally and the Aldermen and Councillors of Waterford Corporation and
was named the Brother Edmund Ignatius Rice
Bridge. |
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